三种不同引流方式对食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘引流效果的研究

目的:探讨三种不同引流方式对食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘的引流效果。方法:收集从2013年1月到2016年9月在我科行食管癌手术并术后发生颈部吻合口瘘患者，比较入组患者所采用的不同颈部引流方式的优劣。结果:共有83例患者纳入研究，有34例进入A组，行纱布条引流组；28例进入B组，行造瘘袋引流组；21例进入C组，行胃管负压引流组。所有入组患者一般资料和手术资料对比无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。观察指标对比结果显示，C组患者瘘口愈合时间较其他两组时间短［（15.90±4.18）天vs（14.60±4.41）天vs（9.65±3.80）天］，住院时间较其他两组短［（18.10±4.17）天vs（16.20±3.78）天vs（12.30±3.29）天］，换药次数较其他两组少［（37.55±8.75）天vs（14.5±3.23）天vs（10.00±2.05）天］，抗生素使用时间也较其他组明显减少［（13.10±2.49）天vs（10.85±1.84）天vs（7.20±1.74）天］。结论:颈部放置负压引流有助于食管癌术后颈部吻合口瘘愈合，值得临床推广与进一步研究。     

The prognostic relevance of histologic subtype in appendiceal adenocarcinoma

BackgroundThe aim of this population-based study was to determine the prognostic value of the histologic subtypes mucinous (MAC), non-mucinous (AC) and signet ring cell (SRCC) adenocarcinoma among patients with appendiceal cancer.Methods and materialsData from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) of patients with primary appendiceal adenocarcinomas with MAC, AC and SRCC histologic subtype, diagnosed between 2001 and 2015 were used (n = 675). To categorize patients according to the recent histopathological classification, the NCR was linked with the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA). Log-rank tests and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to estimate overall survival (OS), and the cox proportional hazards model was run to identify prognostic factors.ResultsAC was the most frequently encountered histologic subtype (50.9%), followed by MAC (35.8%) and SRCC (13.3%). In locoregional disease, histologic subtype was not a prognostic factor for OS with 5-year survival rates for patients with AC, MAC and SRCC of 60.0%, 60.5% and 69.6% respectively (p = 0.68). Metastatic disease was more common in SRCC (53.8%) than in MAC (38.8%) and AC (23.4%) (p < 0.0001). Median OS for patients with metastatic disease was 12.6, 27.7 and 18.2 months in AC, MAC and SRCC respectively (p < 0.005). MAC was associated with higher survival compared to AC (HR 0.48, 95%CI 0.34–0.69). In subanalyses, MAC was only a positive prognostic factor compared to AC in patients with peritoneal metastases (HR 0.42, 95%CI 0.28–0.62).ConclusionHistologic subtype had no prognostic relevance in locoregional or systemic metastatic disease in appendiceal adenocarcinoma. In peritoneal metastases, mucinous histologic subtype was a favorable prognostic factor, compared to non-mucinous and signet ring cell subtype.     

骨科大手术患者中医体质类型与静脉血栓栓塞症相关性研究

目的:探讨骨科大手术患者中医体质类型分布特点及其与静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的相关性。方法:选取220例骨科大手术患者,其中术后3个月内并发VTE患者102例为观察组,术后3个月内未发生VTE患者118例为对照组。对两组患者进行中医体质判定并分析。结果:220例骨科大手术患者中,平和质64例(29.09%),偏颇体质156例(70.91%)。骨科大手术患者最常见体质类型为气虚质、血瘀质、平和质。观察组最常见体质类型为气虚质、血瘀质,对照组最常见体质类型为平和质、气虚质。Logistic回归分析发现气虚质、血瘀质与VTE具有显著相关性(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:偏颇体质是骨科大手术患者的中医体质类型特征;气虚质、血瘀质是骨科大手术并发VTE患者的危险因素。     

Robotic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection. Description of the surgical technique and analysis of early outcomes

BackgroundDespite the potential benefits, the adoption of the minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer is still in the initial phase. We investigated the safety and feasibility of the robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy with venous resection/reconstruction (RPD SMV/PV).MethodsSince March 2013 to October 2019, a total of 73 RPD and 10 RPD SMV/PV were performed. The two groups were case-matched according to the preoperative characteristics.ResultsMean operative times and estimated blood loss were less in the RPD group in comparison to that in the RPD with SMV-PV group (525 vs 642 min, p = 0.003 and 290 vs 620 ml, p = 0.002, respectively). The mean length of hospital stay was similar in the RPD group in comparison to that in the RPD with SMV-PV group (10 days vs 13 days, p = 0.313). The two groups had similar overall postoperative morbidity rate (57.5% vs 60%, p = 0.686), although the severe complication rate was lower in the RPD group (11% vs 40%, p = 0.004).ConclusionsRPD with SMV-PV is associated with increased operative time, estimated blood loss, higher major complication rate compared with RPD.     

自制极简PORT在单孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术中的应用初步探讨

目的:初步探讨自制极简入路通道（PORT）在单孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术中应用的可行性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析空军军医大学西京医院妇产科于2017年3月至2018年12月共完成的46例单孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术患者，其中24例使用商品化PORT，22例使用我科自制极简PORT，所有患者均配合使用常规腹腔镜器械顺利完成手术。比较两组患者年龄、体质量数、手术时间、术中出血量、子宫肌瘤直径、术中及术后相关并发症、手术前后血红蛋白差值、术后排气时间、术后疼痛模拟评分、住院时间、术后随访情况等指标。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术，无中转开腹或增加穿刺孔，无并发症发生。商品化PORT组和自制极简PORT组患者的一般资料具有可比性。手术相关指标包括手术时间［（75±56.9）min vs （74±55.7）min］、术中出血量［（55±67.9）ml vs （56±65.8）ml］、子宫肌瘤直径［（6±2.8）cm vs （6±3.4）cm］，两组比较无明显统计学差异（P＞0.05）。术后恢复指标包括术后排气时间［（12.6±4.4）h vs （13.5±3.4）h］、术后疼痛模拟评分［（2.1±1.3）分 vs （2.0±1.2）分］、住院时间［（3.4±2.8）d vs （3.5±2.6）d］，同样无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。两组手术效果相同，但术中使用自制极简PORT几乎不增加耗材。结论:自制极简PORT在单孔腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术中的应用安全性好，效果确切，节约成本，值得推广。     

The Results of Surveillance Imaging After Breast Conservation Surgery and Partial Breast Reconstruction With Chest Wall Perforator Flaps; A Qualitative Analysis Compared With Standard Breast-Conserving Surgery for Breast Cancer

IntroductionPartial breast reconstruction (PBR) using chest wall perforator flaps (CWPF) allows for excision of tumors in the outer quadrant of the breast in women with small to moderate non-ptotic breasts resulting in a good aesthetic outcome. There are limited data available in the literature regarding long-term follow-up and the effect of CWPF on subsequent surveillance mammographic interpretation and recall rates. A retrospective audit with qualitative analysis of initial mammograms was performed to assess this.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database included all consecutive patients who underwent either PBR with CWPF or wide local excision (WLE) between January 2013 and December 2014 by a single surgeon in a tertiary referral center. Qualitative analysis of the postoperative mammograms was performed after review by 2 blinded radiologists.ResultsThirty-six patients were included in the study, 18 in each arm. The CWPF group was younger and had larger tumor size anticipated on preoperative imaging, which correlated with larger specimens excised. Both groups were comparable with respect to tumor pathological characteristics. Comparing the first postoperative mammograms, both groups were similar in features reported such as calcifications, fat necrosis, volume loss, and radiotherapy changes. During the follow-up period (median 4 years), 138 surveillance mammograms were performed. One patient was recalled for further imaging in the CWPF group. There was no significant difference in the need for diagnostic imaging and biopsy between the groups.ConclusionPatients who underwent PBR using CWPF had similar features on postoperative surveillance mammograms compared with that post WLE.     

快速康复在不同方式胃癌根治手术中的应用

目的:评价快速康复（fast track,FT）模式在不同方式胃癌根治手术患者术后康复中的有效性及安全性。方法:收集我科2016年1月至2017年6月期间行开放(OS)及腹腔镜(LS)胃癌根治手术患者各40例，随机分为FT处理组（OS+FT组、LS+FT组）和常规处理（NT）对照组（OS+NT组、LS+NT组），比较不同处理模式对术后疼痛评分、恢复情况和术后并发症发生率的影响。结果:OS+FT组、LS+FT组术后1、2、3、4和5 d疼痛评分均低于NT对照组，各观察时点差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.005）；OS+FT组、LS+FT组术后首次排气时间、首次离床时间以及住院时间均短于NT对照组（P＜0.05）；术后OS+FT组、LS+FT组总体并发症发生率均为10%，与NT对照组（OS+NT组20%，LS+NT组15%）相比，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:FT模式有利于减少患者痛苦，加速术后恢复，未增加术后并发症风险，在不同方式胃切除手术患者围术期处理过程中安全、有效。     

我国日间手术开展现状与前景展望

日间手术在国外已有上百年的发展历史，现已成为欧美国家重要手术模式。我国于20世纪初开始开展日间手术，但目前尚未普及，发展不平衡问题比较突出，存在认识不清、开展不规范、与医保支付对接不畅等问题。日间手术是一种使国家、医院和病人三方均受益的新型手术模式。近年来，国家相关管理部门积极引导，开展日间手术的医院明显增多，可以预见，我国日间手术即将进入快速发展的新阶段。因此，有条件的医院可以从简单、易操作的病种开始，落实临床路径，积累经验，再逐步稳妥展开。在保证质量的前提下，不断拓展日间手术范围，提高三、四级手术比例。同时，积极与医保支付政策对接，采取灵活的方式，获得医保的支持，更好地促进我国日间手术的快速发展。